Recorded Music Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recorded Music Industry - Assignment Example In so doing, it will make use of two strategic widely accepted strategic management techniques, namely PESTLE analyses and Porter's Five Forces Model. This report will end with the presentation of the identified industry's identified opportunities and threats. PESTLE Analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental which represents the important aspects affecting the operation and strategic direction of a business organisation and the whole industry. This strategic management tool gains wide acceptance among managers and industry analyst because it offers an extensive identification of the environmental factors that affects an industry. The past years have witnessed the rapid integration of economies into a global village due to the various political agreements. It should be noted that both geographical and political boundaries are disappearing with the creation of trade agreements, free trade zones, regional blocs, and economic zones. This rapid globalisation facilitates the influx of goods and services within geographic borders at lower tariffs, duties, and other trade boundaries. This is coupled with the free flow of capital especially in developing countries where foreign direct investments are warmly welcomed with financial and non-financial incentives. These policies which are instituted to promote globalisation have crucial implications for the global music industry. These enabled large music labels to penetrate profitable markets in other countries and allow the free flow of music formats such as CDs and MP3s from one location to another (Dolfsman 2000). 2.2. Economic One of the most significant developments in the global music industry is the rise of the former developing economies like China, India, and other Latin American countries. It should be noted that the rapid growth in these nations are strongly indicated by the rise in gross domestic product and per capita income. Currently, China is the fastest growing economy in the world, posting a GDP growth rate of 10.7% during 2006 (GDP Growth 2007). With this rapid growth, the Chinese economy is eyed by various business organisations as a profitable business venue. Economic growth also signals higher disposable income for customers which can further trigger and enhance spending in the consumer sector. 2.3. Social The internet technology has been warmly embraced by customers around the world. According to the latest data from InternetWorldStats.com, worldwide internet penetration is at 16% as of January 11, 2007. Asia accounts for the largest portion of this population with the large share increase from China. Usage growth has been escalating, posting a growth rate of 202.9% during the eight year period 2000-2007 (Internet Usage Statistics 2007). Similarly, the number of global mobile phone users is also in an uptrend. It is reported that the number of mobile phone subscribers have increased by 25% during 2004, 2005, and 2005. However, experts forecast that this trend in increments will slowly decelerate in 2007. According to iSuppli, mobile phone users will be growing at slower rates of 12.8% and 9.6% in 2007 and 2008,

Explain Biblical Ideas About the Goodness of God Essay Example for Free

Explain Biblical Ideas About the Goodness of God Essay Throughout the bible the goodness of God is shown in many ways, the bible presents God as being morally perfect, and everything that he is or will ever be is also presented as morally perfect; The Bible presents God as benevolent, an all loving figure. It displays this in a number of ways throughout the Bible, the first and possible the most important way is in the first book of the Bible, Genesis. Genesis states that everything that God creates is â€Å"Very good†; When God created the world in the Genesis creation story he commanded various things. â€Å"And God said, Let there be light: and there was light, and God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness â€Å". (Genesis 1:3-4). The authors of the bible when praising God do so because he provides reason for it. The creation of animals, plants and waters are all necessary for the sustainment of life, and religion, Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth and God said, See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food. (Genesis 1:28-29). Some Christians believe that there is still goodness like God’s around us today in the form of stewardship. We look after our world to improve it so we can pass it on to the next generation. Another way in which the bible shows Gods goodness is; Christians believe that God’s goodness is shown in his son Jesus, and his sacrifice in the name of God. Jesus came to earth as God in human form, he done this to experience the lives of his people. God thought it was all well and good requesting people to follow rules but because he cares he wanted to experience the lives of his believers and the difficulties they incur so he sent Jesus. Jesus was the ideal of moral goodness for humanity; he displayed the right way in which people should treat each other and how to worship God, and this was recorded and passed onto future generations by it being retold in the bible, even today people can still read it and gain knowledge of Gods sacrifice. The form of good described in the bible is very different from Platos form of good; Platos form of good was perfect and it didnt exist on Earth it existed in the realm, making it a concept and not personal to anyone, Platos form of good doesnt take an interest in situations or in life, it just simply exists, where as the idea of Gods good in the bible focuses almost entirely on moral behaviour. It is concerned that humanity should be making the right choices to life by and always aims to be good. Plato’s form of the good is perfect, but because it doesn’t physically exist what ever goodness is on earth is only of copy of the ideal thus making it imperfect when it is practiced. So whatever you think you are doing is good, it is not. However God believes that everyone can be morally good thus living their lives accordingly. As soon as God creates humans he gives them rules of follow, they are to take responsibility for the earth he has created and not take from the tree of knowledge. This shows that he cares not for worship being their main duty, but he takes an interest in their lives. Gods goodness is also shown through his love in the bible, God gives humans free will, to make their own moral decisions but he clearly sets out what is right and what is wrong. However he doesn’t force them into obeying those rules, he is loving and lets them choose for themselves, this is an act of love. He knows that because he has made man in his image (Genesis 1:27) they are like God and they know what is expected of them. Even thought they haven’t been socialised they still know what is morally right. Plato would agree with this statement because he believes we all have knowledge of ideal forms from birth. God commands things to be good because he is omniscient and knows all. So everything that he commands will be perfect, good and loving.

Exploring Amanda of The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essay

Exploring Amanda of The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams has a gift for character. Not many playwrights do, and even fewer possess the unique ability to craft a character as paradoxical and complex as Amanda Wingfield. In The Glass Menagerie, Amanda is a very difficult character to understand because of her psychological disposition. Williams realizes this and provides the reader with a character description in hopes of making the character more accessible to meticulous analysis.    AMANDA WINGFIELD the mother. A little woman of great but confused vitality clinging frantically to another time and place. Her characterization must be carefully created, not copied from type. She is not paranoiac, but her life is paranoia. There is much to admire in Amanda, and as much to love and pity as there is to laugh at. Certainly she has endurance and a kind of heroism, and though her foolishness makes her unwittingly cruel at times, there is tenderness in her slight person. (Williams 781)    â€Å"Before the first lines are spoken Amanda's complexity is established†(Falk 126) by the nuances a... ...4. Falk, Signi. "The Southern Gentlewoman." Modern Critical Interpretations Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie. ed. Harold Bloom. NY: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. Jackson, Esther Merle. The Broken World of Tennessee Williams. Madison: & of Wisconsin P, 1965. Parker, R.B., ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Glass Menagerie. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1983. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Masterpieces of the Drama. Ed. Alexander W. Allison, Arthus J. Carr, Arthur M. Eastman. 5th ed. NY: Macmillan, 1986. 779- 814.

Cinema and its impact on our lives Essay

Respectable members of the examination board, let me introduce my topic in which I would like to speak on the cinema art. Keypoints of my topic are the following: cinema art as a phenomenon, its history, development and its influence on the society. The motion pictures have a great impact on our life. Indeed, the movies are truly an art of our time – they were born and achieved a great development in the 20th century, and now they demand the serious consideration as well as the other arts. Everybody knows that cinema is the greatest invention in the world, but not many people know the history of cinematography, which is long and interesting. So, I want to say a few words about it. The history of moving images goes back to more than one thousand years. December 28, 1895, it’s the date, which is considered to be the birthday of world cinema. The Lumiere brothers created their films for the first time. The 1st film they showed was â€Å"The Arrival of a Train at a Station†. Moving pictures seemed so real that the audience was frightened to death by the train rushing at them from the screen. It was the first time the term ‘cinà ©matographe’ was used, formed of the Greek words ‘kinà ©ma’ (movement) and ‘graphein’ (to write, to draw, to inscribe). Nowadays there is no real doubt that the movies has become a powerful force in contemporary life. We can’t imagine our life without cinema. Besides pleasure and opportunity to relax and forget our everyday troubles it gives us a lot of useful information. Cinema plays a very important role in the development of the human society. Good films teach people to love and respect each other, give them new ideas and make them think about the things they have not thought about before. Cinema is a new art, but also it is a very popular entertainment nowadays.

Psychological Disorders Essay

Psychological Disorder Analysis This psychological analysis is about Maria a 42 year old Hispanic female who comes into the mental health clinic complaining of feeling jumpy all of the time, she has trouble sleeping and is enable to concentrate on her work as an accountant. These symptoms are causing problems for her at work. There can be many causes for her symptoms but to get to the root of her issue a clinical assessment, diagnoses, and proper treatment for her disorder will be submitted. Maria comes into the clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling jumpy all the time, she has trouble concentrating on her work which seems to be causing an issue. A clinical interview is done first on Maria to attain some background information. Clinical interviews questions are 1. What brings her to the clinic? 2. When did these feelings start and did an event trigger them? 3. Do these feelings last long? 4. What is her relationship with her parents? 5. What is her relationship with her siblings? 6. What type of work does she do? 7. What are her romantic relationships like? 8. What was her childhood experiences like? 9. What makes her happy? 10. Does she have any medical problems or medication she is taking? A possible disorder is causing her symptoms. Because information was not given concerning her background, family or social life Maria’s symptoms coincide with Dysthymic Disorder with major depression (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymic Disorder is known as double depression (Comer, 2011). It has symptoms of chronic and low level depression which reduces one’s ability to function. Some individuals with Dysthymia experience insomnia, or hypersomnia, poor appetite and overeating. They also experience poor concentration or have difficulty making decisions. Some fail to attend to daily hygiene, some experience low energy and low self esteem which cause them to overlook their daily duties or job responsibilities (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Most say they have been unhappy or sad all of their lives which cause them not maintain healthy relationships (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymia also causes changes in feeling, thinking, and physical well-being (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymic disorder share symptoms with major depression. Both disorders share symptoms such as sleep difficulties, shyness, and social withdrawal; poor work performance,  irritability, and conflict with family and friends (University Of Phoenix, 2007). The main difference between the two disorders is the intensity and duration of the disorder. With major depression symptoms are more severe such as the individual may be so depressed they cannot get out of bed and have thoughts of suicide whereas with Dysthymia the depression is more muted where the person is able to function on some level, he or she may be getting out of bed, but they may not groom themselves (University Of Phoenix, 2007). The other difference is major depression needs episodes that last for at least two weeks whereas dysthymic disorder symptoms persist for at least two years (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Major depression is also common with minorities. Minority groups that live below poverty or come from family wh ose environment was impoverished tend to suffer from depression in higher numbers (Comer, 2011). Gender also plays a role in major depression women are twice as likely as men to receive a diagnosis of depression (Comer, 2011). To assess her case the DSM-IV is used. According to what Maria says her symptoms meet the criteria on the DSM-IV. Maria must display two of her symptoms for a period of 2 weeks or longer (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Maria did not indicate in this case study how long she had been experiencing symptoms. The case study did not indicate Maria’s dress condition or hygiene neither did it indicate that she was shy or socially withdrawn. Maria may have developed dysthymic disorder through a behavioral process called learned helplessness. (University Of Phoenix, 2007). During an experiment dogs were placed in a cage with barricades and were exposed to a stimulus light which was followed by a shock (University Of Phoenix, 2007). They learned quickly through classical conditioning to fear the light (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In phase two of the experiment the shock was turned off and when the first group of dogs was exposed to the light they jumped over the barricade jumping to safety (Comer, 2011). When the second group of dogs encountered a large barrier they could not jump from the fear producing light to safety. When the light came on they ran around the cage barking and when they discovered escape was impossible they lay down and whimpered (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In ph ase 3 of this experiment all the barriers were removed, and the dogs could escape easily however, when the light came on the dogs that had been trapped made no effort to leave the cage, instead they lay down and whimpered (University Of Phoenix, 2007). What the experiment revealed is the dogs learned that even though they can escape nothing they can do will improve their conditions so in effect the dogs learned to be helpless (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Because Maria is Hispanic the multicultural perspective plays a role. Because of social norms, family structure, and background this should be all taken into account with minorities. Maria probably grew in an impoverish environment. Research shows that Hispanics are more likely to live a poorer environment that White American (Comer, 2011). Maria may feel that her life was precondition to remain this way even though she has made a life for herself as an accountant. Just like the dogs in her thinking she feels nothing she can do will change her conditions, even though she has opportunities to improve her life she has learned to be helpless which makes her sad and depressed which are symptoms of the disorder (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Multicultural research also shows that prejudice and discrimination against multicultural groups leads to higher anxiety and depression in minorities (Comer, 2011). Other probably causes for Maria’s disorder is a biological imbalance or hormonal imbalance like those seen in major depression. Biological theorist believes abnormal behavior as an illness is brought on by a malfunctioning organism in the brain or brain chemistry (Comer, 2011). The brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurons (Comer, 2011). When an electrical impulse reaches a neuron it is stimulated to release a certain chemical called a neurotransmitter which travels to receptors (Comer, 2011). These receptors travel to other neurons telling them to fire or not fire (Comer, 2011). Neurotransmitters play a key role in carrying information through the brain. In Maria’s case her neurotransmitters may be defective causing her symptoms (Comer, 2011). A hormonal imbalance can also trigger depressio n (Comer, 2011). A woman’s biological life changes as she ages triggering different hormone levels (Comer, 2011). Although hormonal changes cannot alone cause depression alone important social and life events that occur with puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can (Comer, 2011). To treat dysthymic disorder biological treatments such as psychotherapy and medications like Prozac and Tofranil have proven to be helpful in reducing symptoms (University Of Phoenix, 2007). A variety of psychotherapeutic approaches can work as well. Cognitive behavioral therapy can challenge Marias unrealistic ideas,  pessimistic expectations and self-critical evaluations (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Therapy can help her to have a more positive outlook on her life, and can help her to prioritize both opportunities and challenges concerning her life (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Multicultural treatments such as culture-sensitive therapy can be used in which the therapist addresses issues faced by minority groups (Comer, 2011). In addition behavioral oriented therapy can help her adapt better coping skills and help her communicate more effectively with friends and coworkers (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In this case study Maria went to the mental health clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling jumpy all the time, an inability to concentrate on her work as an accountant. Interview questions were asked which lead to a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder with major depression. Probable causes for her disorder are rooted in a neuro chemical imbalance or a learned helplessness from her environment (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Treatment for dysthymic disorder is psychotherapy and medication to reduce the symptoms (University Of Phoenix, 2007).

puritanism and Romantism essays

puritanism and Romantism essays Puritan moral teachings in American Romanticism Abstract: Under the influence of American Puritanism, American Romanticism favors Christian moral teachings. Puritan notions as self-restraint, sin and salvation weigh greatly and serve as Romantic authors ¡Ã‚ ¯ moral measurement. Taken as a specific example, American leading Romantic Nathaniel Hawthorn can illustrate this impact explicitly. Special emphasis will be put on his novel the Scarlet Letter. A brief biographical introduction about the author can help to know where his Puritan thinking pattern comes from. In his masterpiece the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorn shows his belief in original sin and redeem through professions and painful life, which is obviously from Puritan sources. Other works are also to be mentioned in a combined effort with former text to strengthen the central ideal. Keywords: Puritanism, Romanticism, moral teachings, self, sin, salvation, Nathaniel Hawthorn, the Scarlet Letter 1.1. Source and characteristics of American Romanticism. Early in the nineteenth century, the attitudes of America ¡Ã‚ ¯s writers were shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic traditions of Europe. A new American Romantic was pluralistic; yet it frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man ¡Ã‚ ¯s societies a source of corruption. (ÃŽÃŽÂ °ÃƒË†ÃƒÅ 199054) 1.2. American Puritanism moral teachings that have influenced American Romanticism. Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of God's Grace. Because man had broken the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abraham's people who held that election to Heave...

What does it mean for items to be thematically linked Essays

What does it mean for items to be thematically linked Essays What does it mean for items to be thematically linked Paper What does it mean for items to be thematically linked Paper It has been suggested that people tend to use a variety of specific strategies when performing a range of cognitive tasks. Cognitive tasks may require the thinker to use a number of different types of strategies whilst performing the following types of mental activities such as thinking, reasoning, categorisation, induction, conceptual combination, metaphor and analogies. In addition to this point the thinker may depend on or select one of many different strategies in order to achieve the cognitive task at hand. Two examples of the different types of strategies used by adults when performing cognitive tasks such as categorisation might include comparison or integration. It has been suggested by some that people tend to compare for similarity amongst taxonomically related items, where as they integrate knowledge about the items when they are thematically linked (Wisniewski Bassok, 1999). Since the brain is responsible for processing both thematic and taxonomic categories then it might depend on the problem (variations in stimuli and task instructions) being faced by the thinker as to what strategy the brain selects to solve the problem. Many cognitive theorists are interested in the mental processes involved in how people organise their knowledge of concepts in order to make efficient use of them in the future. This may be why concepts have been considered by some to be the building blocks of knowledge. Furthermore concepts might become the categories into which our mind classifies perceptions (Lakoff, 1987 [], Lamberts Shanks, 1997 [1]). However concepts in order to belong to a category need to be processed according to related features of the new item (concept) as well as existing concepts within a category. Therefore an item might be assessed according to associations with other category items. Theorists who are interested is these associations have proposed that items can be assigned to categories by way of thematic links or taxonomic links. In order to understand this view it would seem necessary to clarify the distinctions between thematic and taxonomic relations in an attempt to understand why people might tend to draw upon these different strategies whilst judging whether two or more items are related. But what are the conditions that induce such thematic links to take place? The former question is one that has remained the focus of a great deal of research within the areas of conceptual and categorical research. Until recently it was thought that children predominantly relied upon thematic relations when faced with a sorting task and that adults instead used taxonomic relations when faced with the same task. In particular two influential theorists, Inhelder and Piaget (1964 [3]) used methods like object sorting tasks to investigate conceptual development. Object sorting tasks involve the presentation of an array of objects with differing shape, size, colour and type, of which the participant must sort into coherent groups. Studies varied in the type of objects used and the instructions given to participants for example participants might be instructed to put things that go together or to put things that are alike together. Most frequently it was found that children up until the age of eight years old tended to sort items according to thematic relations. Where as beyond the age of eight similarity and taxonomic category relations tended to be the strategy used for sorting (Markman 1981, 1983 [1]). Since many past studies seemed to highlight that children heavily utilised thematic relations whilst developing categories and organising their knowledge which has also been considered as a judgement error, an important question now remains as to whether adults continue to make judgment errors through their use of thematic relations when making conceptual judgments (Lin, 1996 Markman 1989) and if so then what is the reason why this occurs? Ultimately is it an error at all? This essay intends to clarify some of the prior notions by providing evidence from a number of different studies, which have highlighted that adults do tend to make use of thematic links whilst performing cognitive tasks. To begin with contained within this essay will follow an explanation of what it means for items to be thematically linked. In particular this essay will pay attention to the cognitive task of categorisation, which involves judging whether concepts belong within the same category. Ultimately the work of Lin and Murphy in their series of ten studies will be discussed along side the work of Wisneiwski and Bassok in their series of three studies. Both studies have been chosen in order to highlight two interesting opinions regarding the nature of thematic relations used by adult thinkers. A person whilst performing a cognitive task such as categorisation could use a variety of strategies such as to distinguish an items similarity as a basis for determining whether two or more items belong within the same category. Alternatively a person (adult thinker) could utilize a strategy known as integration (Wisniewski Bassok 1999). Within the idea of integration the categoriser may concentrate on some features as well as ignoring others. For example when categorizing two objects one might pay attention to features like having different yet complementary roles within the same event or scene which is considered necessary for thematic linking whilst ignoring that they do not share a common property which is considered to be useful for linking items taxonomically. Hence a common feature that distinguishes a taxonomic category from a thematic category is that a taxonomy has a hierarchical structure, where as a thematic category does not. This structure contains groups of items of the same kind; therefore the members share a common feature or purpose. In addition to this a taxonomy may have a general subject matter such as natural kinds, artefacts or artificially constructed stimuli and this subject matter might consist of a stable structure of members ranging from specialist (super-ordinate), followed by basic to not so well known (sub-ordinate) examples. However a category might also or instead be thematically related; this knowledge usually becomes evident if a concept is taxonomically unrelated. For instance, when a person considers two or more items such as objects, people and other entities that co-occur or interact together in space and time, they could pay attention to the way in which the two items complement each other within a particular scene or event whilst ignoring whether the items share any common properties through class inclusion in other words taxonomic relations. To illustrate the former point: two items such as, chalk and board could be said to share a thematic relation, as they both tend to be used with a classroom. Where as they do not seem to share a taxonomic relation for instance they are not of the same kind nor do they share any common properties. Wisniewski and Bassok highlighted a similar idea within their paper entitled what makes a man similar to a tie. In line with the prior example it could be argued that a man is not similar to a tie (the items man and tie do not share a taxonomic relation) as a man is a human and a tie is not, a tie is made out of material and a man is not and so on. Thus if one were to consider that a man might wear a tie or that a tie signifies masculinity then based upon that thought one might consider a man similar to a tie through a thematic relation. As mentioned earlier the general assumption within the research on adults use of concepts is that they tend to use taxonomic relations as a way of distinguishing two or more items. It has since been argued that one of the reasons for this might lie within the design of the studies used to test categorisation strategies. Further to this it has also been proposed by Lin and Murphy that older children and adults might not commonly use similarity but might instead utilise thematic relations as a basis for categorisation. Therefore it might be that both adults and children do make use of thematic relations when making conceptual judgements. Could it be that the characteristics of the stimuli being considered by the thinker seem to act as a prerequisite for the process to be used regardless of age? In line with this suggestion is another view provided by Wisniewski and Bassok: Often in daily life people are not given task instructions but rather, processing is determined by properties of the stimuli around them. Therefore Wisniewski and Bassok might argue that when an adult is considering the properties of two or more stimuli they might ask themselves a number of questions like what makes an item similar to another and what sets it apart from another item? For instance a person (adult) when performing th e task of moving house might methodically sort out the things that they are going to take with them in order to make the process of unpacking easier later down the line. The logic applied to this scenario of sorting might differ from person to person depending on the strategy selected at the time by the categoriser. In this example the thinker might assess the items in terms of features like whether they look similar therefore grouping only those items that could be considered as looking the same whilst excluding items with similar uses. Where as another person might assess the items in terms of whether they are used within the same environment. For example knives despite having several uses might go in a box with many other kitchen items, as they tend to be stored within the kitchen environment. Forks might also be packed alongside knives as they too are found within the kitchen and also tend to be used with a knife during the event of eating dinner. Furthermore knives and forks are thematically linked within the event of an eating situation which usually takes place within a kitchen therefore they are not only found but also used within then kitche n. One of the few experiments conducted specifically to look at the issue of whether adults tend to prefer to choose thematically related concepts to form a category even when a taxonomic alternative exists was carried out by Lin and Murphy. In Lin and Murphys series of experiments they used a forced choice category construction tasks to investigate the prior notion. The tasks involved presenting participants with a triad of item names that referred to people, objects and events. At the top of the triangle was the target item, below that were the two other items; one of which was a thematic match and the other the taxonomic match. The participant had to choose which items goes best with the target to form a category. In one example the target item was cat with a taxonomic match of lion and a thematic alternative of litter box. Therefore the participant had to choose whether lion or litter box was the best match to form a category with cat. Lin and Murphy found contra to previous findings that almost twice as many adults within their study preferred to construct thematic categories even with the presence of taxonomic alternatives. In another series of three studies carried out by Wisniewski and Bassok (1999 [3]), the centre of attention was upon the effects of stimulus compatibility in relation to processing. These studies were designed to follow on from the Bassok and Medin (1997 [3]) study. Wisniewski and Bassok (1999 Experiments 1-3 [3]) focused on how well an item matched with another item in relation to the type of process that was selected by the thinker. In the first experiment, which looked at comparison versus integration, Wisniewski and Bassok varied items in four ways for example 1) taxonomically related and thematically related, 2) neither taxonomically nor thematically related, 3) taxonomically related but not thematically related, 4) thematically but not taxonomically related. Participants were instructed either to provide or not to provide a reason as to why they rated the pairs as being similar. They found that stimulus compatibility had an influence on the particular process selected by the thinker whilst performing a similarity judgment exercise. In addition, Wisniewski and Bassok paid particular attention to the processes of integration and comparison by suggesting that easily alignable items (taxonomic) should invoke the process of comparison where as poorly alignable items (thematic) should increase the chance of items being integrated. Furthermore they found contra to prior opinion that task instructions might not be the over-riding factor responsible for inducing the correct process for the thinker to select. The task required the participant either to provide an explanation or not to provide one whilst considering the similarity within pairs of objects. Participants were often found to integrate thematically related items even though they were instructed to compare for similarity. Where as in an additional (Wisniewski Bassok 1999, Experiment 3 [3]) study participants compared taxonomically related items whilst looking for thematic relatedness. Given that adults use of taxonomic categories has received a lot more research compared to thematic usage amongst adults it has thus been assumed that use of taxonomic categories indicates a more powerful and advanced way of thinking (Markman Callanan, 1983 [2]). A gap seems to exist since the same amount of research has not been committed to the study of adults usage of thematic relations. It may be that thematic relations amongst members within a thematic category might provide a basis for the thinker to extend knowledge to other category members. Lin and Murphy subsequently tested this notion in a series of experiments In essence the evidence discussed within this essay seems to highlight firstly that adults do indeed make use of thematic relations not only within an experimental situation but also in everyday life and secondly the need for more research to be carried out into other areas of adults use of thematic relations in particular social situations. As Markman (1981) suggested people tend to spend less time on cataloguing objects whilst trying to generate taxonomies to which objects belong and more time on organising their experiences. Therefore it might seem reasonable to assume that adults who spend time organising their experiences have an increased expertise within the field of relating experiences (scenarios and events) thematically.

How to Declare and Initialize Constant Arrays in Delphi

How to Declare and Initialize Constant Arrays in Delphi In Delphi, the versatile web-programming language,  arrays allow a developer to refer to a series of variables by the same name and to use a number- an index- to tell them apart. In most scenarios, you declare an array as a variable, which allows  for array elements to be changed at run-time. However, sometimes you need to declare a constant array- a read-only array. You cannot change the value of a constant or a read-only variable. Therefore, while declaring a constant array, you must also initialize it. Example Declaration of Three Constant Arrays This code example declares and initializes three constant arrays, named Days, CursorMode, and Items. Days is a string array of six elements. Days[1] returns the Mon string.CursorMode is an  array of two elements, whereby declaration CursorMode[false] crHourGlass and CursorMode crSQLWait. cr* constants can be used to change the current screen cursor.Items defines an array of three TShopItem  records. type   Ã‚   TShopItem record   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Name : string;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price : currency;   Ã‚   end; const   Ã‚   Days : array[0..6] of string   Ã‚   (   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thu, Fri, Sat   Ã‚   ) ;   Ã‚   CursorMode : array[boolean] of TCursor   Ã‚   (   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   crHourGlass, crSQLWait   Ã‚   ) ;   Ã‚   Items : array[1..3] of TShopItem   Ã‚   (   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Name : Clock; Price : 20.99),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Name : Pencil; Price : 15.75),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Name : Board; Price : 42.96)   Ã‚   ) ; Trying to assign a value for an item in a constant array raises the Left side cannot be assigned to compile time error. For example, the following code does not successfully execute: Items[1].Name : Watch; //will not compile

US government assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US government assignment - Essay Example The bill necessitates freezing the Ohio Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard at existing degree, by the end of 2016. Senate Bill 310 also intends to minimise the general renewable energy targets by 2025 and permit every Ohio renewable energy source to be acquired from efficient plants, even if they are positioned outside Ohio. The bill controls the state energy effectiveness and mandates in minimising the use of renewable energy. The proposed bill has therefore been argued to require creating a special committee, which will determine the level of cost to the customers for mandated energy efficiency plans and renewable energy plants such as wind energy and solar energy. The bill also necessitates state regulators to enact new regulations for unveiling the expenses for electric utility on every customer’s electric bill. The bill requires implementation of electric utilities (such as energy efficient equipments and lighting) for assisting customers to minimise their overall ener gy consumption. The bill also mandates energy generation organisations to reduce overall demand and peak demand of power by efficiency measures by 22% within 2025 (Funk, 2014). Renewable energy in Ohio signifies electricity generated by wind turbines. Nevertheless, ending Ohio’s inner state energy mandate would permit state’s energy utilities to seek inexpensive wind generated power from other states, such as Minnesota and Iowa. Such movement in turn would force wind energy manufacturers in Ohio to compete for better and inexpensive energy generation or find other markets to sell the energy. The bill can therefore be regarded as a compromise between those who desire to eradicate energy efficiency regulation and those who desire no change in regulation (Heindl Server GmbH, 2010). Apart from ending in-state mandate of energy, SB 310 would freeze the renewable energy effectiveness standard. In relation to the bill, several legislators stated that wind energy

Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Career - Essay Example can provide. Being a part of this organization, I can learn to investigate claims for their reasonableness and appropriateness to be approved. I further expect to broaden my understanding of the possible issues that may arise and the problems one may encounter in evaluating claims and their causation. I believe that this internship program will give me a firsthand experience in identifying, investigating, concluding and reporting the claims for losses. Above all, I expect to gain confidence, experience and recognition after working with this organization. I feel greatly motivated to be a part of Accident Fun Holdings Inc and to develop as a professional in the field. I expect to have my career in this field; hence this internship program will be helpful in my future aspiration and may help in meeting prerequisite of future job opportunities. Hence, I eagerly await to be a part of Accident Fund Holding Inc. and would work hard to prove my desire to learn and

BAE Automated Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

BAE Automated Systems - Research Paper Example In this scenario, if any of the aspects is compromised or limited, the remaining parts of the project will also be affected. This paper presented an analysis of the Denver Airport project which involved the implementation of the Baggage Handling System. This project was initiated to automate the Airport baggage handling. However, all the way through project lifecycle this project suffered a wide variety of issues and problems. This research is aimed at analyzing those issues and aspects. The basic purpose of this paper is to outline some of the major issues and aspects that influenced the successful completion of this project. In this scenario, this research covers basic problems (management failure/problems) and their causes and fixation policy regarding Denver Airport project of Baggage Handling System. In addition, this paper will attempt to explore some of the fundamental aspects of effective project handling and management. The thought of initiating and effectively managing projects is long-term an objective of any project. This paper presents a detailed analysis of Airport Baggage Handling System project. All the way through the lifecycle of this project, it suffered a number of problems which happened because of ineffective management and planning of such new technology-based projects. In fact, the project of Denver International Airport’s Baggage Handling System is believed to be one of the biggest examples of less effective project management that led this project to failure and losses. Without a doubt, it was a new technology-based project which demanded more high-tech technology implementation and management. In this scenario, there was a greater need for the new technology-based support with more accurate and high-level bagging processing capabilities. Hence, in such a huge and critical project there was a dire need for high-level planning and management of issues and other aspects.

Business Organisation and Behaviour Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Organisation and Behaviour - Term Paper Example That which brings the distinction between leadership and mere management is the approach that the former uses. Many firms fail to succeed in the quest to meet their long-term objectives as they lack one of the most vital elements in the running of business organizations which is effective leadership. There is further clear difference between just leadership and an effective one. The root source of a business proliferation in the market and sustained high performance is the kind of leadership it has. The ability to gain loyalty, inspire a team and make the diverse workforce operate as a single unit is what makes leadership special. For effective functionality, it is a prerequisite that a good and healthy coordination structures are put in place commanded or regulated by an excellent leader. Many leaders, however, fail to deliver effective leadership because of the wrong and inapplicable styles that probably do not match the nature of the business they are handling or are rigid as to a ccommodate the market situation. Choosing the best leadership style is not an option if effective leadership is anticipated. Management approaches and organizational theories that businesses subscribe to largely affect, just like in leadership, their eventual performance (Griffin and Moorhead, 2012: 100). This paper aims at evaluating these factors bit by bit as it relates them to the practical case of Vodafone so as to bring out a comprehensive outcome about their interplay in the organization.

PDA Slim 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PDA Slim 5 - Essay Example During the early stages of the simulation game I learned that managers need information in other to be well informed prior to implementing any decision or business strategies. The first thing I had to do was study all the data in order to familiarize myself with the company and the marketplace. It was necessary to study the economic behavior of both the company and the marketplace. Market saturation was an interesting economic metric in this simulation. The behavior I observed was that products with higher price tags such as the X6 product take much longer for the market to get saturated because the higher price tag of the item leads to lower volume sales. The opposite behavior occurred in the lower price products such as the X7. When I lowered the price for this from the start I was able to jumpstart this product line, and dramatically increase the X7 which cause a virgin product to achieve full market saturation in a four year span. The simulation taught me that a manager gets better at strategic decisions through acquired business experience which means that business strategies development involves a learning curve. A learning curve is the anticipated improvements that are likely to occur following mistakes which implies that a company gains experience it is able to develop products more efficiently and at lower costs (Learnthat). As an analyst and decision maker for PDA Corporation the historical data accumulated was very instrumental for me, since it provided the ability to review the information to study the behavior of products in the marketplace based on the decision made. One of the major strategic flaws I was able to correct was my erroneous assumption that the profitability of X7 would increase by increasing price. This was not right approach since the sales volume for the product was too low and require a lower price to jumpstart the sales of the X7

Business Organisation and Behaviour Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Organisation and Behaviour - Term Paper Example That which brings the distinction between leadership and mere management is the approach that the former uses. Many firms fail to succeed in the quest to meet their long-term objectives as they lack one of the most vital elements in the running of business organizations which is effective leadership. There is further clear difference between just leadership and an effective one. The root source of a business proliferation in the market and sustained high performance is the kind of leadership it has. The ability to gain loyalty, inspire a team and make the diverse workforce operate as a single unit is what makes leadership special. For effective functionality, it is a prerequisite that a good and healthy coordination structures are put in place commanded or regulated by an excellent leader. Many leaders, however, fail to deliver effective leadership because of the wrong and inapplicable styles that probably do not match the nature of the business they are handling or are rigid as to a ccommodate the market situation. Choosing the best leadership style is not an option if effective leadership is anticipated. Management approaches and organizational theories that businesses subscribe to largely affect, just like in leadership, their eventual performance (Griffin and Moorhead, 2012: 100). This paper aims at evaluating these factors bit by bit as it relates them to the practical case of Vodafone so as to bring out a comprehensive outcome about their interplay in the organization.

Marketing Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Plan - Coursework Example At the same time, one can enjoy the great taste of a carbonated drink with perfect nutritional intake. VegShot is being launched by Unilever. The name ‘Unilever’ is familiar to everyone. The name itself represents reliability and ensures quality. Unilever is a British-Dutch multi-national corporation, established in 1890s, which is operating in nearly 180 countries, possessing more than 400 brands. It has 167000 employees, as of 2010, belonging to 22 different nationalities. It is a global market leader in all Food categories including Savory, Spreads, Dressings, Tea and Ice Cream as well as in Mass Skin Care and Deodorants and has very strong positions in different Home and Personal Care categories. Its portfolio ranges from nutritionally balanced foods to indulgent ice creams, affordable soaps, luxurious shampoos and everyday household care products. The vision of Unilever is based upon the four pillars: To create a better future every day. To help people feel good, lo ok good and get more out of life with brands and services that are good for them and good for others. To inspire people to take small everyday actions that can add up to a big difference for the world.

‘Never Let Me Go’ and ‘My Sisters Keeper’ Essay Example for Free

‘Never Let Me Go’ and ‘My Sisters Keeper’ Essay Both ‘Never Let Me Go’ by Kazuo Ishiguro and ‘My Sisters Keeper’ by Jodi Picoult explore issues that are widely discussed but rarely put into practice. For example the most famously known cloned experiment is Dolly the sheep which was in 1996 and there have been very few cases where a family have decided to create another child for the use of medical reasons, the first case of this in the UK was in 2002. Both novels focus on people or one person who have been created for the use of other people. Both of the novels are coming of age stories, in which the main characters question their identity as they grow into young adults. Anna was created for a bone marrow donor for her sister. As a young child Anna has had no control over the purpose her life, until she reaches thirteen and she starts to become aware that she is could change the situation and so finds a lawyer, and asks him for help. In Chapter One she says ‘I was born for a specific purpose. I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material.’ In ‘Never Let Me Go’ Kathy along with many others is a clone that was created as an organ donor for the use of other people or ‘originals’ as they are referred to in the novel. Kathy struggles to understand her true place in the world. Like Anna, Kathy also questioned her identity and has been confused and frustrated about who she really is. There are several points throughout the novel where Kathy looks through magazines to try and find her original. She continues to question her past and her childhood and as she explores her history, readers are able to have a clear understanding of who Kathy is and why she has found it difficult to discover an identity. The Authors explore the moral question of how scientific and medical advances are able to benefit other people. This a present day issue which may challenge the readers views on alternative solutions to medical issues and their views on the value of human life and the importance of identity. At the start of ‘My Sisters Keeper’ Anna’s prologue sets the tone of the novel. She says ‘In my first memory, I am three years old and I am trying to kill my sister.’ This may provide the readers with a subtle hint of what is going to happen. It reveals her honesty even at such a young age with her desire to have her own identity. This continues with ‘As we got older, I didn’t seem to exist, except in relation to her.’ However in ‘Never Let Me Go’ the readers are instantly introduced into Kathy’s. She talks about working and so the readers believe she has a job as a career for people who are donors, yet they don’t know that she is also a donor so the readers will perceive her as a normal person. Also within the first chapter of ‘Never Let Me Go’ Kathy talks about herself, Tommy and Ruth who are her closest friends throughout the book. Ishiguro introduces the characters with strong personalities, as is shown through Tommy’s expressive release of his anger, ‘He began to scream and shout’ and ‘he was raving, flinging his limbs about, at the sky, at the wind’. Kathy and Ruth are also seen as average children with their laughing, talking and sniggering. For the readers the characters are automatically seem as normal children.

Recent Trends In Co Branding

Recent Trends In Co Branding Co-branding as an alternative branding proposition is fast making grounds in todays marketing arena all over the world in almost all the industries as well as in international marketing. Apart from the factors like cooperation brands equity, information, category, consumers knowledge, experience, nationality and culture, etc, the success of a co-branding alliance also depends on the COO effect. The country of-origin effect is mainly produced by cooperative brands country of-origin image and plays an important role in the success of co-branding strategy. In this paper, we identify various strategies a company can follow in order to enter a co-branding alliance and critical factors of a successful co-branding strategy with special focus on country-of-origin effect to assist the multinational companies make decisions about co-branding. We also utilise some real-world cases in order to demonstrate our notions. Introduction Nowadays, one of the highly valued assets for a company are its brands (Aaker, 1990), with branding being every companys top priority. But it often costs the companies huge amount of money and takes them a long time to build their brand. Todays market is suffering from a syndrome of sameness where all the products offered to the customers look very similar both in terms of sameness in the physical brand element and in the symbolic value proposition offered to the market. Thus it has become difficult to establish a unique position for new products with markets cluttered with competing brands. Even innovative differentiated products can be imitated quickly, leaving no strategic edge. As globalization phenomenon continues to elevate competition in the marketplace, product introduction has become highly fraught with risk. One reason of such risk is the incredibly high cost of building brands for a product, which in some cases can exceed $100 million (Voss and Gammoh, 2004), and another i s that firms are facing the reality of high new-product failure rates between 20 and 40% per year (Spethman Benezra, 1994). In this situation marketers are searching for alternative method of branding for creating sustainable competitive advantage. Although there are a number of ways for a company to build its own brand, co-branding may be a good branding strategy since it can offer fresh opportunities for companies to gain new markets that may otherwise be difficult to reach effectively, and it is beneficial to the organizations involved to alleviate costs when entering new markets by using the established equity of the second brand (Aaker, 2004; Kapferer, 2004; Keller, 2003). Moreover, it can also help the company to increase consumers perceived quality and image toward their brand (Keller, 2003). Co-branding is a marketing arrangement to utilize multiple brand names on a single product or service (Chang, 2009). Basically, it involves combining two or more well-known brands into a single product. The constituent brands can assist each other in achieving their objectives. Used properly, co-branding has the potential to achieve best of all worlds synergy that capitalises on the unique strengths of each contributing brand. Successful examples include Coach and Lexus, Diet Coke and Nutra Sweet, Pillsbury Brownies and Nestle Chocolate, Crocs and Disney, IBM and Intel, Betty Crocker and Hershey, Breyers and Hershey, Lays and KC Masterpiece, Sony and Kodak, and so forth. These co-brandings have created large benefits for stakeholders. However sometimes co-branding can pose the threat of differential advantage on one partner and generate potential competitors. Many a times, co-branding effects one partner positively and the other negatively. Among many factors (discussed later, in detail) that affect a brands evaluation by its customers and thus affect a co-branding alliances success, country-of-origin is an important factor. Leading research publications have established country of origin information as an indicator used by consumers to infer the quality and reliability of products from a country (e.g., Hong and Wyer 1989, 1990; Klein, Ettenson, and Morris 1998; Gà ¼rhan-Canli and Maheswaran 2000). This notion is typically used to describe the overall quality of goods within a particular product category, such as electronics or automobiles. Country-of-origin fit is described as the consumers perception of the overall compatibility of the two countries of origin involved in the brand alliance. Compatibility is assessed by comparing the consumers overall perceptions of the countries ability to produce quality goods within their respective product category. For example, assume that a consumer is evaluating a brand alliance that involves a Taiwanese computer manufacturer and a Japanese microprocessor chip manufacturer. When analyzing country of origin information, the consumer will rely on his or her perception of the overall quality of computers made in Taiwan and microprocessor chips made in Japan. If there is an inconsistency within this country of origin fit, the consumer may either weigh each country in terms of relative importance to the brand alliance or simply view the alliance unfavourably due to its dissimilarities of perceived product quality of the brands. Therefore country of origin fit will directly influence consumer attitude towards a cross-border brand alliance for specific product categories. That is to say, if the brand had a very strong negative brand of origin stereotype, it would be very difficult for it to build its own brand. In this paper previous research on co-branding is reviewed and recent trends and examples analysed to offer the critical success factors for assessing co-branding opportunities with special focus on the country-of-origin effect. Benefits of Co-branding There are several reasons why some companies would want to pursue co-branding. The first one is that co-branding can attract a wide range of consumers. Because once company adopts the co-branding, for consumers, it means that it provides more selection and more function of products. For example: Nike and Ipod, announced a partnership, which resulted in forming a coopetitive alliance of co-branding named Nike+Ipod. They call the co-brand product Nike + Ipod Sport Kit. The consumers can download the music from the Ipod website for free. They realized that there is one kind of the potential consumers who like to listen to music while can achieve the aim of the exercise. This is the change from a single product to a diverse selection of products. What is more, there are not only bringing more choices to choose brand and product but also bring the convenience for the consumers. In this fast-paced society, more and more people want to purchase the require goods in one place. So co-branding integrates variety of business concepts in order to meet the consumer needs. They can take the less money and time to buy the satisfied products. So co-branded products and services can gain consumer choices, loyalty and ultimately make the brand unique and distinctive. In addition, co-branding can bring more opportunity for the company. It can improve the quality of the product and influence the consumer judgment of the brand. Like innovation, this approach offers opportunity of growth in existing market and exploration of new markets. In such alliance, companies come together to create new offerings for customers. Once the new products can meet the consumers taste, it means that can bring the more profits for the company. So, it must have more space for development. For IT industry, relying on co-branding to gain the trust of consumers is a common marketing strategy. Co-branding can also reduce the risk of company to enter new markets, because they share the risk and responsibility from each other. Most of all, it can help the company reduce the costs and expense of operation. So co-branding provides the opportunities and integrates their resources and makes-up their disadvantage in order for business to achieve the win-win situation. Like Miller Brewing Corporation and Coors Brewing Corporation, which are US second and third largest brewers, combine their operations to create a bigger challenger to Anheuser-Busch Corporation. SABMiller and Molson Coors will each have a 50% interest in the joint venture, and have five representatives each on its board of directors. Based on the value of the assets, SABMiller will have a 58% economic interest in MillerCoors, and Molson Coors will have a 42% economic interest. MillerCoors will have annual beer sales of 69 million barrels, roughly 29% of the U.S. market, and revenue of $6.6 billion. Anheuser-Busch h as a market share of around 48%. (Wei-Lun Chang, 2009, page 4) Collaboration not only increases the number of market share, but also reduces the cost of two companies. Risks posed by Co-branding However, co-branding can also provide bad effect to the company. Because collaborating with your competitors is like a double-edged sword. Firstly, it is difficult for one of the parties to abandon the partnership and re-establish itself in the market independently. Once a co-brand takes position in market, it becomes difficult to dismantle co-brand and even more difficult to re-establish the brand alone. It is not good for the firm future because it more easily bring dependence. Secondly, brands are also exposed to the risk of devaluation, sometimes virtually overnight. At times, both companies can be affected, as in the case of a partnership between a discount chain and an upscale house wares company. At first, the co-brand created significant earnings for both companies-in one year generating more than $1 billion in sales. But when the discounter filed for bankruptcy the announcement depressed the partner companys stock. It also caused the investment community to question the partner about its contingency plans-an unexpected challenge for a co-brand. Subsequent bad press about possible criminal activity by the house ware brands CEO had similar effects and raised similar questions for the discounters managers. Shortly after the allegations were made public, a consumer tracking firm reported that nearly 20 percent of the upscale manufacturers customers said that now, because of the negative media attention, they would be less likely to buy the companys produ cts. Thirdly, when establishing co-branding, choosing the right partner is very important. Sometimes, due to the different cultures and vision and even operational frictions, they are in-compatible. One fast-food chain that serves mostly sandwich fare had unsuccessfully tried co-branding with Italian and Mexican restaurant chains. While these partnerships created great brand synergies, operational friction was created because the co-branded restaurants attracted customers at the same time of day-during the lunch and dinner rushes. The chain went ahead with the deals anyway, overburdening its staff and diminishing the in-store customer dining experience. Finally, the company learned its lesson, and its most recent co-branding partner is a breakfast-food chain. Gary Hamel pointed that Western firms commonly exhibit a lack of strategic intent in collaborative efforts. The contribution of a Western firm in a collaboration effort is often in the form of technology and is relatively easy for the alliance firm to transfer. In many instances, Western firms are less skilled at limiting unintended competency transfer than their Japanese counterparts. So if the company with different culture backgrounds transfer, perhaps it will bring the bad effects (including low profit, internal conflict). Finally, in some extent, co-branding can lead to transfer of competitive advantage to the partner, creating a potential competitor. Collaboration allows two firms to share their resources, tacit knowledge, and know-how to align with a joint goal. (Wei-Lun Chang, 2009, page80) In a word, due to the collaboration they lose their own advantage in strategy. Sometimes co-branding more easily leads to loss of characteristics of their own products and their own strategy. Meanwhile, there is a crisis in co-branding, when they share the same brand, so there is a problem which company can get the ownership of the brand after co-brand. On the other hand, it can lead to transfer of consumers. For example, the per-brands product image and quality can effects the partner. After co-brand it may lose some consumers. So, sometimes, co-branding is a treat for the company. Critical Factors for a successful co-branding strategy In order to achieve a strategic fit, Chang, 2009 suggested five critical factors that must be analysed for a successful co-branding strategy. This can be referred to as a 5C model for evaluating a co-branding opportunity (Figure 1). These factors can assist a company in organising a successful and appropriate co-branding strategy from a macro perspective. Transition Cost Its important to consider the transition costs for two companies embarking on a successful co-branding strategy. For the joint venture type, the two companies have the same responsibility for both profits and liabilities (e.g., Sony and Ericsson). Thus, the transition cost for both parties is symmetric. But in the merger type, one party (e.g., BenQ) must take responsibility for the other (e.g., Siemens). BenQ merged with Siemens and had to provide constant financial support. Unfortunately, BenQs pockets just werent deep enough to absorb the cost of turning around the profit-losing Siemens unit. The cost for both parties was thus asymmetric. Thus the transition costs of co-branding seriously affect the future for the companies involved. Cultural Differences Cultural differences are also a crucial consideration for two companies planning a co-branding strategy. Trying to consolidate companies from different countries creates many unknowns of, especially at the employee level. For example, if one companys culture is conservative while the other is innovative, cooperation will prove difficult. And there are many other potentially problematic cross-cultural factors like power distance, uncertaininty avoidance, etc. BenQs employees worked hard to collaborate with Siemens workers for nine months, but ultimately failed, largely as a result of underestimating the intractability of German labor laws. Cultural differences are a major factor impacting on the direction and outcome (success or failure) of a co-branding strategy. Thus cultural differences between two companies should be considered thoroughly in advance and require very effective management. Consumer Acceptance The third lesson is know thy customers. Consumer-centric design will drive a successful co-branding strategy. Sony and Ericsson is a case in point, having launched several consumer-centric mobile phones in recent years (e.g., embedded with Cybershot technology), they advanced the level of functions (digital video recorder, Bluetooth, etc.) in order to increase competitive advantage. On the other hand, BenQ and Siemens originally targeted teenage customers (based on the slogan enjoy matters) and then attempted to provide diversified models (e.g., classical and business models) for other groups (besides teenagers). However, consumers in Germany and Taiwan are completely different. It was difficult to find a leverage point and common ground for both parties to satisfy the radically different types of consumers in the two countries, the companies should identify, focus on and act concertedly in terms of what specific consumers want and need. Core Positioning The core competence of a brand is fundamental in attracting large numbers of customers. Since each individual brand has its own core competence, the synergy between two brands is extremely important. In the brand alliance situation, a strong brand should clearly and uniquely identify and position its core competence, so that the second brand can integrate with it. The core competence could be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Ideally, similar core competencies (i.e., homogeneous) will generate a stronger co-branding effect. However, heterogeneous core competencies can complement each other to create a substantial synergy. For example, BenQ has re-positioned its brand as keep exploring to replace the original slogan enjoy matters after that original venture failed. The lesson is that the core competencies of two companies should be clearly identified in order to successfully position the new brand. Capital Restructuring As previously mentioned, co-branding may take on one of two essential operational types: joint-venture or merger. For the former, both companies restructure the capital structures of the original corporations. That is, each member corporation is responsible for the new joint-venture company, especially the financial aspects. In the merger situation, the dominant company should be responsible for the gain and loss after merging. For example, the capital structure of BenQ was reorganized after it merged with Siemens, and this resulted in a loss of around 810 million US dollars between October 2005 and June 2006. The lesson: adequate capital for two companies is critical before they even start evaluating each other and organizing a co-branding plan. Various strategies for co-branding A co-brand is more limited in terms of its audience than a corporate brand. It conveys a specific image and a set of expectations to target customers in a given market. The key decision that the merged firm needs to make regarding its co-brand is to choose the type of tactic it wants to create or maintain with the various strategies previously served by the individual firms. Should it try to maintain all the existing strategies or eliminate them in favor of just one or a few? The issue underlying these choices is how to manage similarities and differences in respect of both customers and the brands that it has inherited through a clear co-branding strategy. The two dimensions that determine a merged firms co-branding strategy are its co-brand name and its intended market. The co-brand name signifies a new or existing brand name for a co-brand. The co-brand name involves a choice for the firm: should it have a same brand name to all its customer segments no matter how different they might be from each other? Or should it create a different brand name, varying the range of specifications and quality accordingly to different customers segments? The intended market dimension signifies the market positioning of the firms products or services that it wishes to convey to a given market. The merged firm may decide to stay in the existing market regard to all its product or service that is, suggest the same positioning across all served segments. Alternatively, the firm could create new opportunities to move to a new market with its product or service that is, adopt different positioning for them depending upon the particular customer and competitive dynamics in each of its served segments. Intended Market. Co-Brand Name Existing Existing Market Penetration Strategy New Global Brand Strategy Figure 2: Co-branding strategies Cross-classifying the two dimensions (Co-brand name: existing or new; Intended Market: existing or new) leads to four alternative co-branding strategies, each representing a particular way to integrate the brand name and customer positioning dimensions: Market Penetration, Global Brand, Brand Reinforcement, and Brand Extension (see Figure 3). Market Penetration Strategy A Market Penetration Strategy signifies a conservative tactic to keep the existing market and the original brand names of two firms. In essence, the co-brand name is either a single brand name (e.g., BMW MINI Cooper) or the combination of two firms (e.g., MillerCoors and DaimlerChrysler). The key assumption that drives the adoption of a Market Penetration strategy is the horizontal convergence of two companies. The merged firms commitment is to take advantage of such horizontal integration, accentuate the desirable goals and benefits by sharing the resources. The merger between HP and Compaq, for instance, has led to the creation of a global brand. HP uses single brand name for the firms image but some products with a dual name such as HP Compaq Presario series of laptop/desktop. However, focusing on existing market and brand names might not cause the synergy to make the merged firm stronger and more efficient (e.g., HP was not superior to IBM much after merging Compaq). Finally, for a Market Penetration strategy to succeed, it is critical that the heterogeneous of customer segments and the reputation of two firms should be sufficiently high. Global Brand Strategy A Global Brand Strategy signifies a firms decision to serve all its customers with an existing co-brand name in a new market. The key assumption that drives the adoption of a Global Brand strategy is convergence of cross-segmental preferences. The merged firms commitment is to take advantage of such convergence, accentuate the desirable goals and benefits by utilizing global recognition. Among recently merged firms in the telecommunication sector, BenQ has actively pursued to extend the market share and global visibility by merging telecommunication department of Siemens with existing brands of the combination BenQ-Siemens. For the merged brand, advantages of a global product brand could accrue at both the supply end when scale and scope advantages substantially outweigh the benefits of partial as well as the demand end, with uniquely and premium than local or regional brands. However, focusing on extending the current market might cause fail and lose the original advantages (e.g., BenQ reduced its assets dramatically after merging Siemens). Finally, for a Global Brand strategy to succeed, it is vital that the universality across diverse customer segments appeal continuously to evolving patterns of preference. Brand Reinforcement Strategy A Brand Reinforcement Strategy signifies two firms decide to use a new name as a co-brand name in the existing market. The key assumption that drives the adoption of a Brand Reinforcement strategy is brand image reinforcement. The merged firms commitment is to take advantage of such attempt of a totally different co-brand name, accentuate the desirable goals and benefits by providing a diverse name and representation style. For the new co-brand name, two firms could reinforce the reputation of their original brands without hurting the original names. However, focusing on creating a new brand name might cause fail lose the advantages (e.g., people have negative image will affect the seed company of a diverse co-brand name). Finally, for a Brand Reinforcement strategy to succeed, it is essential to create an appropriate co-brand name that is totally different from original ones effectively and efficiently. Brand Extension Strategy A Brand Extension Strategy signifies two firms decide to serve a newly co-brand name in a new market. The key assumption that drives the adoption of a Brand Extension strategy is union of cross-segmental preferences (e.g., Sony and Ericsson). The merged firms commitment is to take advantage of such union, accentuate the desirable goals and benefits by extending different segments. The merger between Sony and Ericsson has led a horizontal integration for a strategic purpose. Before merging with Ericsson in 2001, Sony was not (with market share of only 1% to 2%) a leading player in the telecommunication industry. Sony had superior design capabilities, but lacked core telecommunication competences, whereas Ericsson had excellent RD capabilities. The merger began to earn profits in the second merged year (2003). Sony-Ericsson is currently among the top four mobile phone manufacturers. This success can be attributed in part to the fact that the partners had a good co-branding plan including a joint brand name for cellular phones. For the merged brand, positioning a co-brand in an extension purpose might cause by a successful co-branding plan (e.g., Sony-Ericsson). However, it is risky for both firms to position a new brand in an unfamiliar market or customer segments. Finally, for a Brand Extension strategy to succeed, it is vital that two firms have to take advantage of their core competences at the first place, generate the positive synergy as well as draw up an appropriate long-term co-branding plan. Types of Co-branding The uncomplicated type of co-branding can create significant value for companies and their customers, the potential of more durable and innovative co-branding approaches-those that focus on combining the real capabilities of partner companies to create new customer-perceived value-is far greater. While there are many forms of co-branding, before a company can decide which option makes the most sense for its situation, it must fully explore four main types of co-branding. Each is differentiated by its level of customer value creation, by its expected duration and, perhaps most important, by the risks it poses to the company. These risks include the loss of investment, the diminution of brand equity and the value lost by failing to focus on a more rewarding strategy Country-of-origin Effect and its significance Companies all over the world are looking to expand their businesses into foreign markets. With the dropping of trade barriers and improvements in communication, many firms aspire to go global. The safest approach is to build brands with relevant differentiation and value proposition that would encourage customer loyalty. However, the consumers brand evaluation process is a complex one with a number of variables. One key factor proposed by Robert Schooler, 1965, is the Country-of-Origin (COO) of the brand. Al-Sulaiti and Baker (1998) even considered it as the fifth element of the marketing mix. Country of origin refers to information pertaining to where a product is made (the made in concept). It is also defined as the positive or negative influence/associations that a products country of manufacture may have on consumers decision processes or subsequent behaviour (Elliott and Cameron, 1994). According to COO theory, when consumers are exposed to the product which is made from other countries, they will perceive some stereotype images about those countries and these images are subsequently used as information cues in judging products from different origins (Lotz and Hu, 2001). For example, France is associated with fashion, Japan with hi-tech/electronic goods and Germany with high level of technology. Factors affecting influence of COO effects on brand evaluations Research in international marketing has proven that country associations do lead to customer bias. Such bias is based on the image of the country in customers minds. This leads to the next obvious question what constitutes an image of a country? What makes French the best country for wines, what makes Germany the best in engineering and what makes Switzerland the best in watch manufacturing? Many factors contribute to the country image. Here are some of the most important ones: Economic Development One of the main factors that influence customers perceptions towards a country is the level of the countrys economic development. Level of economic growth acts as a main proxy for the countrys other activities. In developed countries, national products are likely to be preferred than imports. On the other hand, in developing countries domestic products are likely to be evaluated less favorably than foreign made products especially from developed countries. Business history This refers to the evolution of business in a country and what a country has specifically been known for historically. Even though countries evolve through time to specialize in successively high-value industries, it takes a long time to shrug off any negative associations of the past. As such, the business history of the country contributes to the overall image of the country. Demographics The consumer perception toward COO can vary by demographics i.e. the effect of gender, age group or education and income. Studies (Kotabe and Helson, 1998) have shown that COO influences would be strong among the elderly, less educated and politically conservative consumers. Another factor is wealth index that refers to the perceived/actual overall wealth of a country as measured through levels of consumption, number of millionaires, number of billionaires, the size of the luxury goods industry, the sophistication of leisure industry, the proportion of individual income spent of leisure and self enhancing activities and so on. Wealth index offers customers a cue to infer the level of product quality, variety, and perceived credibility of the products/brands. Technology Given the extent to which technology and technological innovations impact consumers lives in todays world, it is not surprising that the extent of technological advancement of a country bears heavily on consumers perception of the country. This factor is usually related to the level of economic development of the country. Higher the technological capability of a country, more positive is the COO effect. Ethnocentricity However, in the context of economic development given above, the issue of ethnocentricity of the host country becomes critical. Customers who are ethnocentric are likely to feel that it is inappropriate and wrong to purchase foreign made products (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2002). It is argued by LeVine and Campbell that in developed countries, consumer ethnocentrism is seen as the most important factor because they more knowledgeable therefore they prefer to buy domestic to keep domestic jobs and thus increase their countrys GDP, and as a result, COO effects have a minimal role to play. Hence, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Low ethnocentric consumers are more likely to use COO cue to infer product Quality whereas, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ high ethnocentric consumers looks at COO as a means to express loyalty as so reflected in their purchasing behaviour Regulatory mechanisms With heightened globalization, the existence and effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms have become a major factor in creating country images. Regulatory mechanisms such as Intellectual Property Rights law (IPR), online piracy laws, anti-fraud regulations and others create a sense of perceived security in the minds of businesses and customers about a specific country. Product Categories The usage of COO cue is primarily determined by the specific type of product. Therefore, COO effect varies by product category. Typically, those products that can be categorized as high involvement products (such as durables) are more relevant to the concept of COO than low involvement goods. Consumer Expertise (Related to the above point), COO influences will be stronger when the consumer is not familiar with a product category, which can be categorized in novice group (Novices are the consumers who have the time limitation and lack of sufficient product knowledge). They possibly use COO cue under any circumstances (Usuiner, 2000). On the other hand, expert consumers only rely on COO cue when the product attribute is vague. All of these factors contribute towards the formation of an overall image of a country. As such, a country which is economically well developed, is technologically advanced, has a high wealth index, has stringent regulatory mechanisms, follows a market economy, and has positive hi

Elements of Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Many Elements of A Street Car Named Desire  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, is a very worldly play that contains issues from life; a guilty feeling of abandonment, the anger and frustration between two complete opposites, and the violation of a rape. It happens in New Orleans where there are many different races. Blanche DuBois, loses her ancestral home, Belle Reve, and her teaching position as a result of promiscuity. With expectations for the new life, she moves in with her pregnant sister Stella and her brutish husband, Stanley Kowalski. Throughout the play, we can distinguish many differences between Blanche and Stella. Although they come from the same noble and aristocratic family, their philosophies of life are distinct and lead them to different roads. Blanche is a highly vulnerable, as well as neurotic, woman living in a world of boozy self deception. She is intelligent, yet prefers magic over realism. She puts too much emphasis on her manners and appearance. She demands to be seen for what she wished to be, rather than what she really is.This is the reason for the paper lanterns and constant bathing - she is creating her world of illusion. A complite opposite of Blanch is Stella.Unlike her sister, she is a passive and gentle woman. She is five years younger than Blanche, about 25, and has been submissive to her for her entire life. After marrying Stanley, she is forced to join the lower class, endure her husband's bad temper, and be obedient to him. Blanche is not a compromising person who can adapt to changes. Moreover, I think she is afraid of alterations and denies facing the reality (ex. she is afraid of losing her properties, her youth and beauty, etc.). She feels very uncertain about the new world and tries to persist in her own way of behavior and thinking, since that is how she has been educated: to be a lady. Stella is the connecting figure to two different worlds- the supposed royalty world of Blanche DuBois and the more common world of Stanley Kowalski. Blanche and St anley both attempt to influence her, and they succeed to a degree. Stella still has many of the qualities instilled in her at Belle Reve, yet she does not let that get in the way of her having some fun. As she is so entangled between two completely opposite worlds, she is stuck and eventually forced to side with one of the two.

The Blood Disorder Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

You need glucose for respiration. For illustration when you exercise your musculuss need a batch of glucose. Glucose is a signifier of sugar and a chief beginning of energy hence the ground you need it to contract your musculuss etc. Glucose is composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon. Hence it can be called organic because it contains C. Glucose is transported by the cells in the organic structure ; every cell in the organic structure contains it. Ways you can take it in can change but usually and of course you can take it in through the nutrient you eat. Foods which contain saccharides will incorporate high degrees of glucose. After the organic structure has the saccharides, it breaks down the nutrient into energy. Energy as mentioned before is needed to make mundane things such as raising weaponries, legs, pess etc Low sums of glucose in the blood stream is called hyperglycemia. This can take to Diabetes. If you have a high degrees of glucose in your blood nevertheless, this may take to shots. To forestall these, your weight should be kept a close oculus on every bit good as what you eat. Glucose is processed, as mentioned below, in the liver. Hormones tell the liver to treat glucose, ( stored glucagon is turned into glucose to be released into the blood stream ) the glucose is so distributed to the organic structure depending on where you need it most.http: //www.geneticsrus.org/DNA/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gifIntroductionThe organic structure controls blood sugar degrees by let go ofing insulin to state the liver to change over glucagon into glucose which so is subsequently released into the blood. If the blood sugar degrees are excessively low so the pancreas release the endocrine animal starch which so tells the liver to change over surplus glucagon which is non needed back into glucagon for storage. Diabetess is the upset in which many people suffer from. There are two types of diabetes type cubic decimeter and type ll. Type cubic decimeter diabetes is when your organic structure is n't doing adequate insulin. Type ll diabetes is when your organic structure is n't utilizing the insulin decently in your organic structure. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http: //static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif & A ; imgrefurl=http: //health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm & A ; usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= & A ; h=457 & A ; w=359 & A ; sz=29 & A ; hl=en & A ; start=0 & A ; zoom=1 & A ; tbnid=Yq3fJyAYITe9pM: & A ; tbnh=151 & A ; tbnw=119 & A ; ei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A ; prev=/images % 3Fq % 3Dglucose % 2Bdiabetes % 26um % 3D1 % 26hl % 3Den % 26biw % 3D1259 % 26bih % 3D599 % 26tbs % 3Disch:1 & A ; um=1 & A ; itbs=1 & A ; iact=rc & A ; dur=281 & A ; oei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A ; esq=1 & A ; page=1 & A ; ndsp=18 & A ; ved=1t:429, r:3, s:0 & A ; tx=38 & A ; ty=56Normally diabetes type cubic decimeter is an familial disease, but you can besides acquire it because of jobs in your immune system ( the ability of your organic structure to turn up, onslaught, and destruct sources ) , and environmental factors. hypertext transfer protocol: //diabeticremediesguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Type_1.jpg For type 1 diabetes the hazard factors are ; get down ill in early babyhood ( at birth, at yearling age. Etc ) , early exposure to overawe ‘s milk in babyhood and non being breast Federal every bit good as an older female parent will give person a high opportunity of type 1 diabetes. Other hazard factors for type 1 diabetes are as follows ; fleshiness, sedentary life style ( non making adequate exercising will increase the hazards of fleshiness which so will take onto diabetes. ) Unhealthy eating wonts, household history and genetic sciences, increased age. If you are exposed to these hazard factors so you need to see your GP for a general diagnosings. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/9273.jpg Diabetes has symptoms but these symptoms are at that place if diabetes is n't treated for a long clip.The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are ;Excessive thirst – Because your kidneys are a filter, they take out the glucose in your blood watercourse and recycle it for your organic structure to utilize, but if there is excessively much glucose in your blood so your kidneys can non take out all the glucose in your blood so the glucose that is left over it out in to your urine by your kidneys. For glucose to be â€Å" dumped † into your piss, more H2O demands to be taken out of your kidneys in order to bring forth piss, which consequences in desiccating. ( http: //www.ehow.com/about_5340904_diabetes-make-thirsty.html # ixzz15chIQ5Wn ) Blurred vision – Some people have glucose constructing up in the lenses of their eyes, this can ensue in bleary vision if the individual is undiagnosed. Tiredness – If glucose is n't modulating around your organic structure so you may experience tired because you need glucose to bring forth simple undertakings such as raising up your arm or speaking. If left for excessively long so even respiration would be had to treat, this will ensue in decease. Infections such as thrush and annoyance of the venereal countries, and skin annoyances caused by over growing of barm on the tegument. Increased appetite – If glucose is low in the organic structure so the organic structure feels a demand to eat more for more energy, this consequences in increased appetency over a long period of clip. Increased production of piss during the twenty-four hours and dark – Besides explained above, the extra glucose demands to be taken out of your organic structure and this is done through your piss, because your organic structure needs to maintain acquiring rid or glucose, urine demands to be produced therefore the ground why your urinating so frequently. Loss of weigh- if glucose is n't used decently so the organic structure is n't hive awaying any glucose either ; this will ensue in the loss of weight as glucagon is besides known as fat. Another ground will be because insulin is n't working decently so that ‘s why animal starch is used to state the liver to change over glucagon which is stored glucose back t glucose so that the organic structure can work decently. Other infections of the tegument ( yeast infections and furuncles etc )Diagnosiss of Type 1 diabetes.There are many types of ways that diabetes type 1 can be diagnosed. The preferable trial is the Fasting plasma glucose trial. The fasting plasma glucose trial is a trial which measures blood glucose degrees after a fast. Fasting stimulated the release of the endocrine glucagon. Glucagon tells the liver to change over animal starch back into glucose to let go of it back into the blood. When person does n't eat anything for a long clip so the organic structure needs something to do certain it has energy to travel about so the occupation is done by glucose. In people who do n't hold diabetes, the pancreas will observe the extra glucose in the blood and will let go of the endocrine insulin. Insulin does the antonym to glucagon, it tell the liver to change over the extra glucose back into animal starch for storage. In person that does hold diabetes type 1 ; the pancreas will non let go of insulin in order to state the liver to change over glucose back into animal starch for storage and as a consequence, the blood will still hold extra sums of glucose.http: //www.handsonhealth-sc.org/images/A/fasting_diabetes.gifBring arounding and Treating DiabetesDiabetess can non be cured. It can merely be controlled to an extent which allows your organic structure to map as if you did n't hold diabetes. Obviously there are some limitations that a diabetic should follow, but in the average clip there are possible interventions such as insulin shootings. First of all the purpose of physicians should be to be able to maintain the blood glucose degree near normal. This is done by insulin shootings which usually after a piece of cognizing that you have diabetes should be done at place. The patient injects it self with insulin as a tablet can non be taken because the organic structure does n't absorb insulin via the backbones. Most people have 2-4 injections of insulin a day.http: //www .mediject.com/images/photo_how_products.jpg What is Insulin? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Insulin.jpg Insulin is a endocrine which is released by the pancreas for when the blood glucose degrees are detected to be excessively high. Insulin is sent to the liver to state the liver to change over the extra sum of glucose in the blood back into animal starch for storage.On the top,insulin in the organic structureHow is Human Insulin made?The utile cistron is cut from a human Deoxyribonucleic acid. ( In this instance insulin. ) This is preceded utilizing enzymes. Particular enzymes cut peculiar spots of DNA.http: //www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/img/biology/genetic-eng.gif Enzymes are so used to cut the Deoxyribonucleic acid or a bacteria and so the human cistron is inserted The bacteri um is so adult and looked after until they are all bring forthing human insulin. This is a speedy manner of bring forthing human insulin besides this type of insulin can be produced on a big scale.http: //www.littletree.com.au/images/dna19.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http: //static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif & A ; imgrefurl=http: //health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm & A ; usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= & A ; h=457 & A ; w=359 & A ; sz=29 & A ; hl=en & A ; start=0 & A ; zoom=1 & A ; tbnid=Yq3fJyAYITe9pM: & A ; tbnh=151 & A ; tbnw=119 & A ; ei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A ; prev=/images % 3Fq % 3Dglucose % 2Bdiabetes % 26um % 3D1 % 26hl % 3Den % 26biw % 3D1259 % 26bih % 3D599 % 26tbs % 3Disch:1 & A ; um=1 & A ; itbs=1 & A ; iact=rc & A ; dur=281 & A ; oei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A ; esq=1 & A ; page=1 & A ; ndsp=18 & A ; ved=1t:429, r:3, s:0 & A ; tx=38 & A ; ty=56 Above, the image is demoing how familial technology of bacterium occurs.How is Human Insulin taken by Patients?As insulin is non collected from the backbones, the signifier it has to be in can non be a pill. This is why the lone manner the insulin can be inserted into the organic structure has to be through an injection so that it goes straight into the blood.Ethical IssuesThere are many ethical issues that people are concerned with.Using insulin from hogs ;Doctors used to utilize insulin made from hogs because the insulin was similar to human insulin. Soon utilizing insulin from hogs was non a good thought as vegetarians and vegans could non be treated with insulin that came from animate beings. Religion ; Religion as we know it today poses a batch of jobs with all kinds of societal issues in this instance Muslims. Islam does non let any signifier of consumption of â€Å" hogs † so utilizing insulin from hogs was ne'er traveling to work. Animal inhuman treatment ; There were a batch of studies proposing that whilst a batch of people were seeking to factory farm hogs because there was a large demand for insulin. This would ensue in animate being inhuman treatment and the carnal rights militants to get down protesting. Immune system ; the immune system can really reject insulin made from hogs this would be truly bad for the patient and they will finally decease of diabetes.Familial technology:Producing insulin by bacteriums can truly intend there could be complications. Doctors do n't hold an first-class apprehension of how the organic structure works so there could be something that goes incorrect. Besides, there may be long term effects that we have n't seen yet so we should hold a clear apprehension of what the best possible intervention for diabetes is.Grafts:A individual about to decease can donate their pancreas to person who is diabetic ; this may ensue in many complication ‘s and people are scared that organ Mafias will get down to howl once more. Other than that faiths may be against surgery or some faiths may non O.K. of the thought of holding other variety meats â€Å" set † in them. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1338766/Kosovos-PM-Hashim-Tha-mafia-boss-stole-human-organs-Serbs.htmlAlternate TreatmentsA common medicine that is used alongside a healthy life manner is metformin. It lowers blood glucose by diminishing the sum of glucose your liver releases into the blood watercourse. For type 2 diabetes, by utilizing up the glucose that your liver releases into your blood watercourse you wo n't necessitate every bit much insulin in your organic structure as you would hold needed if you had a higher blood sugar degree. This is a truly good manner to command your blood sugar degree when your organic structure does n't do insulin to state the liver to change over the extra glucose.Genetically Engineering Human DNA ; Ethical IssuesThere are no uncertainty many pros of genetically technology human Deoxyribonucleic acid to bring forth human insulin but in fact there are some cons to it every bit good. For illustration, if scientist can mo dify DNA ‘s to alter a manner a organic structure works or modify a Deoxyribonucleic acid to alter a manner something looks so people are traveling to desire to utilize this techniques to modify other people DNA ‘s for things like, oculus coloring material, hair coloring materials, tallness, illnesses etc. This may ensue in interior decorator babes. This can take to hone ‘children ‘ but besides favoritism and struggle amongst people which have possibly non been genetically modified to alter the manner they look.Experiment:Method: First we had to make full in a beaker with poached H2O. Then we had to put the trial tubing which contained the urine sample inside the beaker. We so had to add the Benedict solution to the trial tubing and delay for the reaction to take topographic point. For sample 1 the urine trial sample changed coloring material after adding the Benedict solution. This shows us that the Cu sulfate has reacted with the glucose to organize Cu oxide. This is when the urine samples change from yellow to orange. This occurred in all the samples from 1 boulder clay 3. For the clinix sticks, if they started out as pink so in order for them to hold sugar in the piss they have to be changed to purple. Again the samples which made the clinix sticks change coloring materials were samples 1, 2 and 3. For samples 3 and 4 the colors, ( after we added the Benedict solution ) did alter coloring material and stayed the same. It was easier to utilize the clinix sticks as all we had to make was to do certain the colored piece of the sticks touched the urine sample. For the Benedict solution we had to do certain the H2O in the beaker was the same temperature as the remainder of the times we used the beaker and in order for this to work we had to do certain we would heat up new H2O every individual clip in order to hold a just trial and do certain it was the same temperature without holding to utilize a thermometer. This method was both non environmental friendly ( as we had to regenerate the H2O 5 times ) and it was inconvenient, nevertheless it was necessary to make the experiment utilizing two different methods to see which one was more effectual. It was more likely for Mr A, Mrs Y, and Mr X to hold been diagnosed with diabetes because Mr a had a sample to prove for diabetes and he was shown to hold diabetes this can be true as he is over the age of 40 in which after a certain age ( for type two diabetes ) in this instance is 40, the symptoms of type 2 diabetes occur. As Mr A has passed this age so it more likely for him to of been diagnosed with diabetes type 2 alongside the fact that he has a brother who has type 2 diabetes. Mr A has besides fasted before the trial which makes the trial reliable. Mrs Y besides has a high opportunity of being diagnosed with diabetes type2 because she has a BMI of 40 which is really high which may intend she is corpulent and she is 45 which is over the age that symptoms usually develop. She besides did fast before the trial which makes it much more dependable than person who has n't fasted. She besides has a high hazard or holding diabetes because her pa had type 2 diabetes. Mr X is another patient which we think may hold been diagnosed with diabetes because ethnicity and BMI. He has a BMI of 33 which is rather high and he ethnicity is black Nigerian which are all hazard factors of holding type 2 diabetes. Both Ms B and Miss Z have a opportunity of developing diabetes when they are approximately over 40.As both of them did n't fast before the trial, we can non be certain of the consequence and hence count it as undependable. The ethnicity of Miss Z means that she has a hazard of developing type 2 diabetes and the fact that Ms B has polycystic ovaries besides gives a opportunity that diabetes type 2 can be developed at a ulterior age in this instance 40 or over. Introduction: hypertext transfer protocol: //savvyhealthfitness.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/diabetes_type2.jpg Diabetess type II is a bit different to type I. The Same variety meats and endocrines are included but the jobs are different. In type I diabetes, your organic structure does n't do any insulin at all there Gore in type II your organic structure does do insulin but it is n't used decently. You can develop diabetes type II because ; Your organic structure does non do adequate insulin or The cells in your organic structure do non utilize insulin decently and consequences in your organic structure necessitating more insulin than normal. Diabetess type II, usually develops in grownups over the age of 40. It can besides develop in people if they are corpulent or fleshy, triping over wellness jobs on the manner.Symptoms of Type II diabetes are:There are four common symptoms and they are: -Being thirsty frequently – Being tired -Urinating frequently -losing weight Urinating and being thirsty nexus because if your glucose degrees are excessively high so the glucose leaks into your urine and takes excess H2O though your kidneys which so consequences in your organic structure non holding adequate H2O and you finally get down experiencing thirsty.Hazard factors for Type II diabetes:-Obesity ; as we mentioned before, type I diabetes can develop based on environmental factors. The more fat you have in your organic structure the more opportunity you have of your organic structure developing insulin opposition. Fat cells are non able to have bids and be accepting to insulin whereas musculus cells are. So the more fat the more fat cells, the more fat cells there are the more opportunity you have of developing insulin opposition. -Genetics and household history of diabetes ; if one or more of your household members have diabetes type II, so you are in a greater hazard to develop it. If you are African American, Alaskan indigen, Alaskan or Native American, you have an higher opportunity to develop it.http: //medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/glucose-in-blood.jpg -Increased age ; will higher your opportunity of developing Type II diabetes. Scientists argue that the pancreas age with us and does n't work every bit good and in order as it used to. It does n't pump insulin every bit good as it used to. Another ground why age may lend to type II diabetes may be that the cells age and they are more insulin resistant. Gestational diabetes develop in pregnant adult females and the bulk of the adult females who develop Gestational diabetes during gestation besides develop type II diabetes subsequently on. Diagnosiss of Type II diabetes: hypertext transfer protocol: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKt1c8_2O5AIJqUNyVum7H4vAsmybPnaTdELSIlntlRnvbdVcY9nvJX-xdpolsrbsITbVQElk0KWUJT5GR1hmnco58nGUK0Kg6iVFSHOHdFm5-O_hUmsO8JRv3ngnrHNoYLIyEP0fOgSYv/s400/insulin+test.jpg Type II diabetes can be diagnosed by utilizing the fasting plasma glucose trial. Often, urinanalysis can be performed on samples of piss. The fasting glucose trial will be taken after you ‘ve non eaten for at least eight hours. There is besides a random glucose trial hence the name is indiscriminately taken at anytime though out the twenty-four hours. If a definite diagnosings can non be made, so you will hold a glucose tolerance trial to mensurate how your blood degrees change. This is after you swallow a sugary drink. Before holding this trial, it is barbarous that you fast nightlong.Treating Type II diabetes:As mentioned before, diabetes can non be cured. Alternatively it can be treated. Normally purposes of handling type I or type II would be to convey blood glucose degrees back to normal once more. Treating diabetes will intend that your symptoms will ease which will do you experience better but you would still hold to be careful about what you take ( eat or drink ) and long term complication in your organic structure. Doctors have proven that blood glucose degrees id irregular ( excessively high or excessively low ) have an consequence on the possibility that you will develop complications such as bosom disease. Blood glucose degrees are monitored by trials. You usually have a blood trial that is repeated over 2-6 months. This trial looks are your ruddy blood cells as glucose attaches to them to be circulated around the blood watercourse. By this trial you can acquire an mean degree of glucose in your organic structure over 2 months. Obviously the glucose in your blood. The intervention is so designed to take to take down your blood glucose degree by medicine ( which may alter and differ as your blood glucose degrees is higher or lower. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.diabeteshealth.com/media/images/article_images/6240.jpg Alongside medicine, the most of import intervention is lifestyle, commanding your weight, dieting and most important- physical activity. Diabetes type II is a life style caused disease largely of the clip which means you can command it by the manner you live your life. Fat, sugar and salt are cardinal things you should non eat as a diabetic, as ever eating fruit, veggies and nutrient high in fiber will non merely profit you in being a diabetic but it will besides profit you in cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplastic disease and many more jobs you may confront if your eating wonts will take on to fleshiness, or being overweight. If nevertheless you are already overweight, so you need to desperately speak to your dietician which will give you more information on this. Last regular physical activity will profit you in many easy. 30 infinitesimal day-to-day exercising at least 5 times a twenty-four hours is highly of import and if vigorous plenty, will be effectual plenty every bit good. Cycling, dance, swimming, and jogging will all be adequate. If after altering your lifestyle, your blood glucose degrees are still high so medicine is required. Firstly insulin injections are normally the most common type of medicine used. As mentioned in type I, insulin can non be taken by oral cavity as juices in the tummy which are used for digestive intents are destroyed by the juices in the tummy. A medicine type besides tries to cut down the sum of the endocrine glucagon to be releases in to your blood watercourse to halt insulin from working. Both type of diabetes can be highly unsafe and it is of import that it gets treated every bit shortly as possible.Glossary:– Glucose: besides known as sugar, is needed for all types of procedures such as respiration. No populating being can populate without it. It is strictly energy. -Glycogen: is the endocrine that tells the liver to change over extra glucose into glucagon. – Glucagon: is the substance that is stored glucose ( fat ) -Insulin: is the endocrine that tells the liver to change over glucagon into glucose to be released into the blood watercourse. – Diabetes type I: is when you body does non do adequate insulin in your organic structure hence why the blood glucose degree is usually low. -Diabetes type II: is when your organic structure does do insulin but does n't utilize it decently and becomes insulin resistant which means that the organic structure does non react to insulin no more. – Hyperglycemia: Large sums of glucose in the blood stream.